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How to start your monocot CRISPR/Cas project: plasmid design, efficiency detection, and offspring analysis

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Yue, Jin-Jun 1 ; Hong, Chwan-Yang 2 ; Wei, Pengcheng 3 ; Tsai, Yu-Chang 4 ; Lin, Choun-Sea 5 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Subtrop Forestry, Hangzhou, Peoples R China

2.Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Bioresources & Agr, Dept Agr Chem, Taipei, Taiwan

3.Anhui Acad Agr Sci, Rice Res Inst, Key Lab Rice Genet Breeding Anhui Prov, Hefei, Peoples R China

4.Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Agron, Taipei, Taiwan

5.Acad Sinica, Agr Biotechnol Res Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan

关键词： Cas12a; Genome editing; Plant transformation; Promoter; Protoplast

期刊名称：RICE （ 影响因子：4.783； 五年影响因子：5.23 ）

ISSN： 1939-8425

年卷期： 2020 年 13 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The breakthrough CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9-mediated genome-editing technology has led to great progress in monocot research; however, several factors need to be considered for the efficient implementation of this technology. To generate genome-edited crops, single guide (sg)RNA and Cas9 DNA are delivered into plant cells and expressed, and the predicted position is targeted. Analyses of successful targeted mutations have revealed that the expression levels, expression timing, and variants of both sgRNA and Cas9 need to be sophisticatedly regulated; therefore, the promoters of these genes and the target site positions are the key factors for genome-editing efficiency. Currently, various vectors and online tools are available to aid sgRNA design. Furthermore, to reduce the sequence limitation of the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and for other purposes, many Cas protein variants and base editors can be used in plants. Before the stable transformation of a plant, the evaluation of vectors and target sites is therefore very important. Moreover, the delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) is one strategy that can be used to prevent transgene issues with the expression of sgRNA and Cas proteins. RNPs can be used to efficiently generate transgene-free genome-edited crops that can reduce transgene issues related to the generation of genetically modified organisms. In this review, we introduce new techniques for genome editing and identifying marker-free genome-edited mutants in monocot crops. Four topics are covered: the design and construction of plasmids for genome editing in monocots; alternatives to SpCas9; protoplasts and CRISPR; and screening for marker-free CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants. We have aimed to encompass a full spectrum of information for genome editing in monocot crops.

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